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ITS » Master Theses » Teknologi Proses - S2
Posted by dee@its.ac.id at 11/01/2012 15:52:30  •  300 Views

PEMBUATAN BIOETHANOL DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT MELALUI PROSES FUNGAL TREATMENT OLEH ASPERGILLUS NIGER DAN FERMENTASI OLEH ZYMOMONAS MOBILIS

BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES THROUGH FUNGAL TREATMENT PROCESS BY Aspergillus niger AND FERMENTATION BY Zymomonas mobilis

Created by :
ANDAYANI, RINA  ( 2308201004 )



SubjectAlkohol
Alt. Subject Alcohol
KeywordEthanol
Selulosa
TKKS
Fungal pretreatment
Aspergillus niger
Fermentasi
Zymomonas mobilis

[ Description ]

Ethanol merupakan salah satu energi alternatif untuk mengatasi krisis energi. Berbeda dengan bahan bakar fosil, ethanol merupakan sumber energi yang dapat diperbarui. Salah satu bahan baku potensial untuk pembuatan ethanol adalah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS). Untuk mengkonversi cellulotic material menjadi bioethanol perlu dilakukan degradasi selulosa menjadi glukosa. Aspergillus niger merupakan salah satu jamur yang memiliki aktivitas spesifik cellulase tertinggi. Sedangkan Z. mobilis menunjukkan kelebihan atas yeast dalam proses fermentasi ethanol sehingga Z.mobilis dipertimbangkan sebagai suatu organisme alternatif dalam produksi bahan bakar bioetanol untuk skala besar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memanfaatkan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) sebagai bahan baku pembuatan biethanol serta mendapatkan kondisi optimal untuk proses fungal treatment dengan fungi Aspergillus niger dan proses fermentasi dengan bakteri Zymomonas mobilis. Metode penelitian menggunakan tiga tahapan utama yaitu pretreatment TKKS, fungal pretreatment, dan fermentasi. TKKS didelignifikasi dengan penambahan larutan NaOH (1:5, 1:10 w TKKS/v NaOH). Bubur TKKS dibuat dengan penambahan air dengan rasio 1:8. Aspergillus niger dibiakkan dalam PDA selama 5 hari. Biakan Aspergillus niger dimasukkan ke dalam media dengan pH 5 kemudian dihomogenisasi. Konsentrasi fungi yang diperlukan adalah 5 x 106 spora/ml. Dilakukan fungal treatment oleh Aspergillus niger (20%, 30% v/v) dengan aerasi pada suhu 50°C, pH 5 selama 9 hari. Setelah fungal treatment campuran disaring, filtratnya didinginkan hingga suhu 30°C, ditambahkan starter Zymomonas mobilis (10%, 20% v/v) dan difermentasi selama 48 jam pada suhu 30ºC dan pH 5. Dari hasil percobaan diperoleh kadar dan yield gula reduksi tertinggi diperoleh pada fungal treatment dengan Pretreatment Larutan NaOH 1:5 (w TKKS/v NaOH) menggunakan penambahan suspensi Aspergillus niger 30% (v/v) dengan kadar gula reduksi 0,52 % dan yield 68,3 mg gula reduksi/g TKKS. Sedangkan kadar ethanol tertinggi diperoleh pada proses fermentasi dengan penambahan suspensi Zymomonas mobilis 10% (v/v) yaitu kadar ethanol 0,14 % dan yield 0,29 g ethanol/g gula reduksi.


Alt. Description

Ethanol is one of the alternative energy to overcome energy crisis. In contrast to fossil fuels, ethanol is a renewable energy source. One of the potential raw material for the manufacture of ethanol is Empty Oil Palm Bunch (TKKS). To convert the cellulotic material into bioethanol, degradation of cellulose into glucose is necessary. Aspergillus niger is one of the fungies that has the highest cellulase specific activity. Meanwhile, Z. mobilis showed advantages compared to yeast in ethanol fermentation process so Z.mobilis is considered as an alternative organism in the production of bioethanol fuel for a large scale. The purpose of this study was to use Empty Oil Palm Bunch (TKKS) as raw material for the manufacture of biethanol, as well as to get the optimal conditions for the fungal treatment with the fungi Aspergillus niger and the process of fermentation with the bacterium Zymomonas mobilis. The research method used three main stages namely pretreatment TKKS, fungal pretreatment and fermentation. TKKS went through delignification with the addition of NaOH solution (1:5, 1:10 w TKKS/v NaOH). TKKS mixture was made with the addition of water with a ratio of 1:8. Aspergillus niger cultured in PDA for 5 days. Aspergillus niger culture was incorporated into the medium with a pH of 5 and then homogenized. The concentration of fungi that needed was 5 x 106 spores / ml. Fungal treatment was done by Aspergillus niger (20%, 30% v/v) with aeration at 50° C, pH 5 for 9 days. After fungal treatment, the mixture was filtered, the filtrate was cooled to 30° C and fermented with Zymomonas mobilis (10%, 20% v/v) for 48 hours at 30º C and pH 5. From the experimental results the highest reduction sugar level and yield were obtained from fungal treatment with NaOH pretreatment of 1:5 (TKKS w / v NaOH) using the addition of Aspergillus niger suspension 30% (v/v) with reduction sugar content of 0.52% and yield 68,3 mg reduction sugar/g TKKS. While the highest levels of ethanol obtained in the fermentation process by adding Zymomonas mobilis suspension 10% (v/v) with ethanol content of 0.14% and yield 0.29 g ethanol/g reduction sugar.

Contributor:
  1. Dr. Ir. Sri Rachmania Juliastuti, M.Eng.
Date Create:05/08/2011
Type:Text
Format:pdf
Language:Indonesian
Identifier:ITS-Master-3100012045248
Collection ID:3100012045248
Call Number:RTK 661.82 And p


Source :
Master Thesis of Chemical Engineering, RTK 661.82 And p, 2011

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  6.  ITS-Master-17188-2308201004-Preface.pdf - 239 KB pdf files
  7.  ITS-Master-17188-2308201004-Table_of_Content.pdf - 239 KB pdf files
  8.  ITS-Master-17188-2308201004-Illustrations.pdf - 225 KB pdf files
  9.  ITS-Master-17188-2308201004-Tables.pdf - 216 KB pdf files
  10.  ITS-Master-17188-2308201004-Chapter1.pdf - 262 KB pdf files
  11.  ITS-Master-17188-2308201004-Conclusion.pdf - 237 KB pdf files
  12.  ITS-Master-17188-2308201004-Bibliography.pdf - 244 KB pdf files
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Aspergillus , Aspergillus niger , Ethanol , Fermentasi , Fungal , Fungal pretreatment , Selulosa , TKKS , Zymomonas , Zymomonas mobilis , mobilis , niger , pretreatment




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