KARAKTERISTIK ALIRAN DAN SEDIMENTASI DI PERTEMUAN SUNGAI

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ITS » PhD Theses » Program Doktoral Teknik Sipil
Posted by dee@its.ac.id at 02/11/2011 11:34:27 • 317 Views

KARAKTERISTIK ALIRAN DAN SEDIMENTASI DI PERTEMUAN SUNGAI

SEDIMENTATION AND FLOW CHARACTERISTICS AT RIVER CONFLUENCE

Created by :
TRILITA, MINARNI NUR ( 3103301002 )

Subject:	Sedimentologi
Alt. Subject :	Steam flow sedimentation analysis
Keyword:	Pertemuan sungai Erosi Sedimentasi Perubahan dasar sungai Daerah pemisahan Bidang geser

[ Description ]

Sungai, selain memberikan manfaat bagi manusia juga, dapat menimbulkan malapetaka bagi manusia. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengelolaan sungai sebaik mungkin, supaya tidak menimbulkan malapetaka bagi manusia. Masalah serius yang perlu ditangani dalam pengelolaan sungai adalah tentang erosi dan sedimentasi yang terjadi pada sungai yang menyebabkan perubahan dasar sungai. Dalam sebuah sistem sungai, pertemuan sungai merupakan komponen yang sangat penting. Hal ini disebabkan pertemuan sungai dapat mempengaruhi morfologi dan hidrolika bagian hulu dan hilir pertemuan sungai. Untuk dapat mengelola sungai dengan baik diperlukan pengetahuan tentang karakteristik perilaku aliran dan sedimentasi yang terjadi dalam sistem sungai secara keseluruhan, terutama pada pertemuan sungai. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengembangan penelitian tentang karakteristik aliran dan sedimentasi pada pertemuan sungai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perilaku aliran dan perubahan dasar di pertemuan sungai. Ada dua tahap penelitian yang dilakukan. Tahap pertama, penelitian tentang perilaku aliran. Penelitian tahap pertama ini dilakukan di laboratorium dan menggunakan bantuan software Computational Fluid dynamics (CFD) yaitu Fluent. Penelitian tahap pertama ini meliputi pengamatan kedalaman aliran dan distribusi kecepatan pada sungai utama akibat perubahan debit dari cabang saluran. Tahap kedua, penelitian tentang perubahan dasar. Penelitian pada tahap kedua ini dilakukan di laboratorium. Penelitian meliputi pengamatan besarnya erosi dan sedimentasi dengan melakukan pengukuran kontur dasar dan pengamatan gerakan butiran sedimen. Penelitian di Laboratorium menggunakan flume yang terdiri dari dua saluran yang membentuk sudut 30�. Saluran 1 dengan lebar 0.3 m dan panjang 5 m, sedang saluran 2 dengan lebar 0.15 m dan panjang 2.5 m. Kemiringan dasar, saluran 1 sebesar 0.0001 dan saluran 2 sebesar 0.00048. Material dasar yang digunakan adalah pasir dengan d50 = 0.55 mm, SG = 2.9. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kecepatan aliran maksimum terjadi di bidang geser (shear plane) yang mengakibatkan erosi pada dasar saluran dan kecepatan aliran minimum terjadi di daerah pemisahan (separation zone) yang mengakibatkan sedimentasi. Dari pengamatan gerakan butiran menunjukkan perubahan diameter butiran mempengaruhi panjang daerah pemisahan. Sedangkan perubahan rasio debit mempengaruhi lebar daerah pemisahan. Hubungan rasio debit (Q2/Q3) dengan rasio lebar bidang geser yaitu dengan koefisien determinasi (R2) = 0.9969; rasio panjang bidang geser yaitu dengan koefisien determinasi (R2) = 0.6; rasio lebar daerah pemisahan yaitu dengan koefisien determinasi (R�) = 0.9279; rasio panjang daerah pemisahan yaitu dengan koefisien determinasi (R2) = 0.7111;

Alt. Description

River, regardless its benefits, can also cause disaster to human beings. Therefore, proper river management is required in order to avoid catasthrope to human beings. Serious problem to be undertaken in managing river is in regard with erosion and sedimentation in the river which may cause into the changes of river bed. In a river system, the confluence of the river have become an important component. This is because the confluence can effect the morphology and hydraulic in the upstream and downstream of the confluence of the river. In order to manage the river properly, it requires knowledge of sedimentation and flow behaviour characteristics within the entire river system, particularly at the confluence. In the current research, research development on sedimentation and flow characteristics at river confluence is carried out. The goal of research is to understand the flow behaviour and river bed changes at the river confluence. There are two stages in this research. The first stage is investigating flow behaviour. This stage is carried out in a laboratory and using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, called Fluent. It consists of investigation of flow depth and velocity distribution at the downstream of confluence site attributed to changes of flowrate from the channel branch. The second stage is investigating changes of rived bed. This second stage research was carried out in the laboratory. The research covers investigation of the rate erosion and sedimentation magnitude which is carried out by measuring bed contur and investigating the movement of sediment particles. The research in laboratory used flume consisting of two channels with angle of incidence 300. Channel 1 with width of 0.3m and length of 5m, whilst channel 2 with width of 0.15m and length 2.5m. Bed slope of channel 1 is 0.0 001 and channel 2 is 0.00048. The material used for this work is sand with d50 = 0.55 mm and specific gravity (SG) = 2.9. The obtained results show that the maximum flow velocity occurs at shear plane which causes erosion on bed and the minimum flow velocity happens at separation zone which creates sedimentation. Based on investigation of particle movement, it indicates the changes of particle diameter which may influence the length of separation zone. Meanwhile, the changes of flowrate ratio affects the width of separation zone. The relation between flowrate (Q2/Q3) and width of shear plane ratios i.e. bd/b3=0.9704(Q2/Q3)0.4561 with coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.9969; ratio of shear plane length i.e. Li/b3 = 2 (Q2/Q3)-0.2216 with coefficient of determination (R2)=0.6; ratio of separation zone width i.e. bs/b3 = 0.6228 (Q2/Q3)0.8474 with coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.9279; ratio of separation zone length i.e. Ls/b3 = 2.5434 (Q2/Q3)-0.0299 with coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.7111.

Contributor	:	Prof. Dr. Ir. Nadjadji Anwar, M.Sc. Prof. Ir. Djoko Legono, Ph.D.
Date Create	:	30/09/2010
Type	:	Text
Format	:	pdf
Language	:	Indonesian
Identifier	:	ITS-PhD-3100011043663
Collection ID	:	3100011043663
Call Number	:	RDS 627.12 Tri k

Source :
Disertasi of Civil Engineering, RDS 627.12 Tri k, 2011

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